Transatlantic Change in North American Colonies

Remembered for these progressions were: lab or source, sorts of work, association of work, race and the kinds of yields/farming required. These progressions ere progressively critical on the grounds that they lead to much more changes, advancement s, upgrades, inconveniences, and so forth. Which all lead to society today. After some time, the interest for work continued as before; things should have been professional elicited, which implied work was required so as to give providers/buyers with anything they desired/needed.The wellspring of that required work, notwithstanding, changed. Obligated SE ravens were the wellspring of work all through the states, yet in 161 9, the primary gathering of individuals were brought from Africa to the Americas to become slaves. To a few, subjugation was found to be a lot less expensive and increasingly effective that contracted bondage: mass sum s of Africans could be brought over to America on the double, and they could without much of a stretch b e sold and attempt included anyplace among the states where need be.To others however, there wasn't a very remarkable requirement for slaves. Individuals despite everything supported contracted hirelings, whom they'd been utilizing for q tutee some time as of now, since they felt to a greater extent an individual subjugation with them, so they we zone bit hesitant to surrender them. Obligated bondage would before long be nearly eclipsed b subjection however, in light of the fact that 30 years after 1 793, comes the cotton gin which will raise the significance of manors, subsequently expanding slave demand.Even still however, the work source changed from contracted subjugation to servitude, as did a change happen from means ranch s to estates. With this change from ranches to estates, came a change from means harvests to showcased yields, for example, tobacco and, the most renowned, cotton; the entirety of this can be viewed because of the significant populace development and extensi on of the province, too an importation/exportation changes (exchanging slaves for merchandise, triangular trade).To repeat, finishing up, coherence was kept up in viewpoints, for example, request d/requirement for work, requirement for crops/farming, importation, and so on. It was the changes (work source, which crops/sort of horticulture is utilized, what is being imported/sent out) that happened from transoceanic connections that hold much more criticalness since they lead t o changes, upgrades, improvements, and so forth.

DEES NUTS Essay Example For Students

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Top 5 Internet Based Faxing Services Compared

Top 5 Internet Based Faxing Services Compared Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top 5 Internet Based Faxing Services ComparedUpdated On 08/06/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Web ToolsShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oznGjo CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogInternet faxing (or online faxing) is a general term which refers to sending a document facsimile using the Internet, rather than using only phone networks (traditional faxing) with a fax machine (via Wikipedia).Below I mentioned top 5 Internet Based Faxing Services. I picked 10+ Internet Based Online Fax Services, but found the below 5 most worthy. These internet fax services include both free and paid services.#1 GotFreeFax.com : Using this service you can send up to 2 faxes in a day for free to any number in the U.S. and Canada.They provide you an online rich text editor to compose a fax. You can also upload a PDF /Word file from your computer. Now you need to type the recipient’s fax number a nd click send. GotFreeFax won’t add any logo or ad to your faxes. For sending fax to an international number, you need to buy credits through PayPal.#2 myFax.com : My Fax allows you to send two faxes, with up to 10 pages each, per day for free. MyFax Free lets you send a fax at no charge through the Web to 41 countries including the US, Canada, most of Europe, China, Japan, and South Korea.The fax will be sent within a few minutes but it can take longer if the recipient fax is busy. MyFax will retry twice, for a total of 3 transmissions, if the initial fax attempt fails.READ5+ Free Awesome Online Photo Editing Tools#3 GreenFax.com : With Green Fax you can again send and receive faxes via email. You have the option to receive your inbound faxes in either PDF format or TIFF format.Faxes received in PDF format can be opened and printed using Adobe Reader, which is available free of charge from Adobe, Inc. Faxes received in TIFF format can generally be opened and printed on most Mi crosoft Windows systems using software included with Windows.4 eFax.com :With eFax, receiving a fax is as easy as opening email. You will receive an email with a PDF or TIF attachment to an email address you specify. You may also access your faxes by logging into your eFax account anytime from anywhere around the world.eFax has the largest available inventory of fax numbers: local or toll-free/freephone numbers are available in 3,500 cities across 46 countries. 100% mobile, you are free to keep your number for as long as you wish to maintain service.#5 RingCentral Fax : With RingCentral Fax you can receive faxes in your email inbox and fax any document from within any Microsoft Windows ® application. Your subscription includes a local or toll-free phone number, free fax software, and many other features.Have you used any other Internet based fax service? Please do share with us below.

Sara Lee Corporation in 2011 - 2018 Words

MEMORANDUM DATE: 11/12/12 TO: Mrs. Sabine Turnley FROM: Team 5 (Jamie Briscoe, Bradley Veenendaal, Jessica Kolb, Rebecca Christie, Kody Lynn) SUBJ: Sara Lee Corporation in 2011: Has Its Retrenchment Strategy Been Successful? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: In 2005, Sara Lee placed a strategic plan in action to transform the business into a more tightly focused food, beverage and household products company. This involved the divestiture of weak-performing business and product categories, which included eight business units. Although the divestiture would decrease Sara Lee’s revenues, it was believed that concentrating their financial and managerial resources on a smaller number of business units would be beneficial. Sara Lee struggled†¦show more content†¦Using our measures, weights, and the importance of the weight, we found that the five industries that Sara Lee occupies are fairly similar in attractiveness. The food retail industry is the most attractive and the international refrigerated bread industry is the least attractive. The food retail industry is the most attractive primarily because it has an extremely high market size. This industry is benefiting from the economic downturn because less people are eating at restaurants. Instead they are making more meals at home. Although this industry is benefiting from the economic downturn, there is a high risk of uncertainty. This is because of the competitiveness of the industry, economic factors, and emerging opportunities that the business unit will have to face. On the other side, the international refrigerated bread industry is the least attractive because of the global economic downturn. The economic recession affected this company particularly hard. Spain is the main country that supported this industry for refrigerated bread and got hit harder than other countries. Spain is also the only country that is looking to continue the want for refrigerated bread, whereas other countries are turning to fresh breads as its leading bread products causing the projected growth rate to decrease significantly. The business units represented in Sara Lee’s portfolio are highlyShow MoreRelatedSara Lee Case Study1074 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years, Sara Lee was broadly known for their catchy slogan of â€Å"Everybody doesn’t like something, but nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee,† which mainly pertained to the companies bakery group; but Sara Lee Corporation was so much more. The Sara Lee Bakery Group was a division of a larger Sara Lee Corporation which had product lines including such categories as packaged meats, coffee, tea, underwear, intimate apparel, body care, air care, shoe care and air fresheners. In 2006, the slogan wasRead MoreSara Lee1173 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Sara Lee Corporation in 2011: Has Its Retrenchment Strategy Been Successful? Executive Summary Sara Lee Corporation was founded in 1939 and, as of 2001, had acquired more than forty companies. Sales reached $10 billion in 1988, $15 billion in 1994, and $20 billion in 1998. However, revenues peaked in 1998, as Sara Lee struggled to manage the company’s broadly diversified and geographically scattered operations. In February 2005, Brenda Barnes, Sara Lee’s newly appointedRead MoreDiversification Strategies1287 Words   |  6 PagesSome corporations have diversified and succeeded, while other have tried but failed. Today Sara Lee Corporation is a global manufacturer and marketer of brand-name products for consumers globally focused primarily on the meats, bakery, beverage and household products categories. Once known as Consolidated Foods Corporation, Sara Lee started out as a wholesale distributor of sugar, coffee and tea in Baltimore, MD. Then in 1956 the corporation bought a company known as Kitchens of Sara Lee. ByRead MoreSara Case Analysis992 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- Sara Lee Corporation in 2011: Has Its Retrenchment Strategy Been Successful? Executive Summary Sara Lee Corporation was founded in 1939 and, as of 2001, had acquired more than forty companies. Sales reached $10 billion in 1988, $15 billion in 1994, and $20 billion in 1998.However, revenues peaked in 1998, as Sara Lee struggled to manage the company’s broadly diversified and geographically scattered operations. In February 2005, Brenda Barnes, Sara Lee’s newly appointedRead MoreAbout Sara Lee1061 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive summary Sara Lee has its international headquarters in Utrecht, The Netherlands. One of Sara Lee’s key products includes Douwe Egberts known for its superb coffee products based on a unique branding process. Despite that coffee sales have taken a hit due to worldwide economic crises, Sara Lee’s plans for expansion of Douwe Egberts’ stores up to 20 by 2011 as a competitor to Starbucks in The Netherlands remain unaffected. Sara Lee uses a two step sales approach, the first one to initiateRead MoreSara Lee, Ratio Analyis1687 Words   |  7 Pages | |Sara Lee Corporation is engaged in manufacturing and marketing of branded products for consumers throughout the world focusing primarily | |on the meats, bakery, and beverage categories. The company has presence in Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Sara Lee is the| |owner of approximately 25,000 active trademark registrations and applications. Sara Lee operates through five business divisions: | |internationalRead MoreManaging Alliances: Case Study of Philips937 Words   |  4 PagesManaging Alliances Q1.What is your assessment of the process used to create alliance capabilities at Philips. When a large but mostly decentralized corporation such as Philips operates as many separate divisions that do not necessarily coordinate their activities then there can be many missed opportunities to create partnerships in the external environment. Phillips recognized some of these occurrences in the year 2000 and designed a project to attempt to capitalize on some of these lost opportunitiesRead MoreSarah Lee Case Analysis2709 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: Sara Lee Company’s name came from one of many acquisitions done by Consolidated Foods. The company had different name throughout its history; starting in 1939 when Nathan Cummins purchased C.D Kenny Company. In 1942 he acquired Sprague, Warner amp; Company and changed its company name to Sprague Warmer – Kenny Corporation moving its headquarters to Chicago. Its first stock exchange was in 1946 and in 1954 they changed its name to Consolidated Foods Corporation to best fit its diversifiedRead MoreCase Study Questions1276 Words   |  6 Pagesemerging markets, and other ventures? Friday, March 23 Case: Sara Lee Corporation in 2011 (case 16 in text) 1. What is Sara Lee’s corporate strategy? How has its retrenchment strategy changed the nature of its business lineup? 2. What is your assessment of the long-term attractiveness of the industries represented in Sara Lee Corp.’s business portfolio? 3. What is your assessment of the competitive strength of Sara Lee Corp.’s different business units? 4. What does a 9-cell industryRead MoreBusiness Functions Of Operations Management3020 Words   |  13 Pagesprovide staff, and suitable training and marketing with refer to operations when specifying product features and designs. The report entails the importance of Operations Management. As researched for the strategies already achievable within Sara Lee Corporation, the report explains and describes operations management strategies with the support of case material of other business both global and international. The strategies assessed within the report include; Performance objectives, Supply chain management

The impacts of the Enlightenment on the European Society

The impacts of the Enlightenment on the European Society The Enlightenment is also referred to as the Age of Reason. These names describe the period in America and Europe in the 1700s. During this period, man was emerging from the ignorance centuries into one that was characterized by respect for humanity, science, and reason. The people involved in Enlightenment had the belief that human reason was useful in discovering the universe’s natural laws, determining mankind’s natural rights, and thereby, unending knowledge progress, moral values, and technical achievement would be attained. John Locke and Isaac Newton are some of the people who played a great role during the Enlightenment period (Wuthnow 41). This paper aims at discussing the political, cultural, religious, intellectual, and economic impacts that were realized during the period. Political impacts During the 1700s, wars were mainly fought within nations and majorly over throne succession as opposed to between countries. Moreover, Monarchy ruled in the 1700s although it had less security compared to the previous periods. In 1642, the English king was executed while France executed their queen and king in 1794 and 1793 respectively as the French Revolution was ongoing. Other European monarchies fell gradually. Royal instability was an indication of social order insecurity that had been used in ruling aristocracies (Outram 58). Liberalism and Conservatism are some of the political systems that developed duringShow MoreRelatedA Great Period Of Time1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowed Christian tradition. â€Å"Prior to the Enlightenment, believing in God in the West was like believing in the sunrise; the answer to all the big questions of life was God† (Wade). During this time many things revolved around the bible, as did the government since the bible was the main source of knowledge. Many viewed Christianity as the centerpiece of their lives, but the view of many would soon change during the time of the Enlightenment. The enlightenment began in the early 1700’s and during thisRead MoreOverview of The Enlightenment Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enlightenment was a period of history throughout the mid-decades of the seventeenth century and during the course of the eighteenth century, in which intense revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics occurred. This part of history was important because it was an enormous departure from the Middle Ages. Seldom before and after this time, did the Church have as much power as it did during the Enlightenment. There were three main eras of the Enlightenment: The Early EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Year1524 Words   |  7 Pageswonder, how have European philosophers inspired this and how can it change history forever? Well, The European Enlightenment was a time where philosophers began to ponder upon the ideas of democracies and how freedom and equality could change the world for the better. The American Revolution was sparked by the ideas of The Enlightenment, and that was only the beginning of America’s fight for a democracy, all thanks to the ideas of the European Enlightenment. The European Enlightenment helped to shapeRead MoreReligious Practices And Beliefs Of The Catholic Church1327 Words   |  6 PagesFurthermore, The Protestant Reformation saw a major European movement that challenged the religious practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. With the rise of religion attracting many individuals, intellectuals began to challenge religious teachings and expose the corruption of the Church. Rather than offering salvation, the Church became corrupt and stingy for control, power, and money, in which German theologian Martin Luther, highlighted. Luther argued that people only achieve salvationRead MoreThe Enlighte nment As A Period Of Time During The Eighteenth Century860 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 19, 2015 The Enlightenment is known as a period of time during the eighteenth century in which the most influential thinkers throughout Europe, Britain, and France expressed criticism and mistrust of traditional customs, morals, and institutions. These individuals were known as the Enlightenment Thinkers and consisted primarily of elite writers and intellectuals. The Enlightenment Thinkers, mostly through their writings, were able to spread their ideas of a new European outlook which wouldRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Course Materials Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterials to complete you answers. Step I: Basic, factual analysis of a reading 1. List three examples of events/methods from Voltaire’s Candide which you believe best illustrate the issues related to the Scientific Revolution and to the Enlightenment. a. The reaction of the Portuguese Inquisitor about the earthquake. b. The lifestyle of people in El Dorado. c. The despair of Paquette and the monk Brother Giroflee 2. Now for each point above, explain why this example illustrates theseRead MoreThe European Union ( Eu )1691 Words   |  7 PagesBrexit, Enlightenment, Colonialism, and Beyond The European Union (EU), a partnership of 28 European countries, evolved from the European Economic Community in 1957 that contained six original members, not including Great Britain. The primary objective of the EU is to increase trade and movement of goods, services, and people, and to ensure economic growth between these nations. It also enacts legislation relating to justice and international affairs. On June 23rd, 2016 the Brexit referendum wasRead MoreImpact Of Enlightenment On The French Revolution878 Words   |  4 PagesI agree that the Enlightenment was force for positive change in society. The Enlightenment was one was the most important intellectual movements in History, as it dominated and influenced the way people thought in Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries. We will look at how it ultimately influenced the American and French Revolution which is still strongly governed by these ideas and principles today. The Age of Enlightenment was a European movement emphasizing reasoning and individualism ratherRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pages In European history, the 18th century marks a change in time. The age old traditions of the Ancient Regime and Catholic Church will see a shift in power. Power now in the hands of the people. Through bloodshed, the radical actions of the French Revolution sparked by philosophies of Enlightenment, will impact the future. Historical figures such as Robespierre heading the Great Assembly will drive change in culture through the revolution, in hopes of achieving enlightened societies. The 18th centuryRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scientific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning

Difference Of Architectural Professional Practice Between...

Difference in Architectural Professional Practice between U.S. and China Proposed ARCH 590 Instructor: Selwyn Ting Term: Summer 2015 Student: Congji Li USC ID: 8617 9762 90 Introduction: Since the past two decades, China had experienced continuous growth of economy and captured attention yet announced slowing down by the public media in recent years, the attention from the west Architectural professional practice is a relatively regional field in which architects conduct their comprehensive manner in a specific localized territory. Architectural professional practice is a relatively regional field in which architects conduct their comprehensive manner in a specific localized territory. Due to the current fact that more and more American architects practice in China, it is not an easy time for them to interact or communicate with remote brains on the other side of earth. The different cultural and social backgrounds have become the source of misunderstanding and problems in the process of cooperation, which may lead to unfavorable consequences. As a Chinese architectural student who has studied in America and worked in local projects for the U.S. architectural firm, I have experienced many differences between the two sides. My instructor and professor in the Graduate School of Architecture, University of Southern California, who has practical experience in China, once told me, â€Å"It was totally misunderstood when my Chinese client determined to giveShow MoreRelatedInternational Business - Midterm Review Essa y4115 Words   |  17 Pagesconsumption with only 1/10 of population - B6 economies: China, India, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea - China is the biggest market for phones, TVs, and cars in 2007 - China and India have more middle class households than all of the households in the United States - Growth in B6 more than 3x the growth in G6 economies 62 Multinationals in Fortune Global 500 20 of these multinationals are in China 12 from South Korea 6 from India 5 from Mexico and 5 from Russia Read MoreInternational Business Strategy: Entry of the Asian Latin-American Firm in the European Manufacturing Sector3359 Words   |  13 Pagestop technological leaders in the industry. This firm hopes to use the technological knowledge gained from the investments in Europe to develop products and product processes in their home base and to use this to expand their exports to Europe and the U.S. This telecommunications device-manufacturing firm has an international joint venture with the leading German MNC in this industry. The German MNC is unhappy with the joint ventures performance due to what it holds as theft of intellectual propertyRead MoreJeff de Bruges in California4798 Words   |  20 PagesContents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Jeff de Bruges Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 US. Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 Political Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Cultural and Social Differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Study of the Economic Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9-10 Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10-12 Jeff de Bruges Customers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12-13 Marketing Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 MarketingRead MoreMall Culture5156 Words   |  21 PagesBusiness Districts turned into slums and the poor moved in trying to survive in abandoned buildings. May be the future would show this paradox as the most distinguished gap between rich and poor. Irrespective of how one look at malls, it is here to stay and it definitely has a very important social significance. Regional differences In many places around the world, the term shopping center (shopping centre in British Commonwealth English) is used, especially inEurope, Australia, and South America;Read MoreMumbai Mall Culture8581 Words   |  35 Pagesone or more anchor or big box stores was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale  chain stores  intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores.[1] ------------------------------------------------- Regional differences In most of the  world  the term  shopping centre  is used, especially in  Europe,  Australasia  and  South America; however  shopping mall  is also used, predominantly in  North America[2]  and the  Philippines. 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Chicken Soup For The Soul Essay Example For Students

Chicken Soup For The Soul Essay Anthropology may be dissected into four main perspectives, firstly physical or biological anthropology, which is an area of study concerned with human evolution and human adaptation. Its main components are human paleontology, the study of our fossil records, and human genetics, which examines the ways in which human beings differ from each other. Also adopted are aspects of human ecology, ethnology, demography, nutrition, and environmental physiology. From the physical anthropologist we learn the capabilities for bearing culture that distinguish us from other species. Secondly archaeology, which follows from physical anthropology, reassembles the evolution of culture by examining the physical remains of past societies. Its difference from physical anthropology being its concern with culture rather than the biological aspects off the human species. Archaeologists must assess and analyse their subject culture from accidental remains, which can only provide an incomplete picture. Third ly, Anthropological linguistics is a field within anthropology which focuses upon the relationship between language and cultural behaviour. Anthropological linguists ask questions about language and communication to aid the appraisement of society rather than a descriptive or linguistic assessment. For example Freil and Pfeiffer (1977) cite an assessment of the Inuit language where there are twelve unrelated words for wind and twenty-two for snow, showing the difference in significance by comparison with our own society. The deduction being that wind and snow are more significant to the Inuit so they scrutinise them more rigorously and can clearly define them accordingly. This kind of linguistic analysis facilitates a better understanding of a foreign culture to help place it into context to allow contrast. Fourthly, social anthropology is the study of human social life or society, concerned with examining social behavior and social relationships. As the focus of social anthropology is on patterns of social connection, it is commonly contrasted with the branch of anthropology that examines culture, that is, learnt and inherited beliefs and standards of behavior and in particular the meanings, values and codes of conduct. Cultural anthropology (the study of culture in its social context) is associated particularly with American anthropology (specifically, in the United States), and social anthropology with European, especially British studies, which have tended to be more sociological, that is, they are more concerned with understanding society. However, culture and society are interdependent, and today the single term sociocultural anthropology is sometimes used. The social anthropologist uses a number of cultural ethnographic studies to construct an ethnological study. A social anthropological definition of culture is given by J.P.Spenley in The Ethnographic Interview (1979), culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret, experience and gener ate social behaviour. By this interpretation culture is not the physical characteristics of any society but the reasoning behind those characteristics, it is a body of implicit and explicit knowledge shared by a group of people. It is used by people individually as a map to determine their behaviour in any given situation. Spendleys definition does not divert from the significance of behaviour, customs, objects or emotions, these are essential tools for the anthropologist which allow the interpretation of culture to facilitate the tracking down of cultural meaning. Ethnographic study is a search to uncover this meaning which is the root cause of cultural differences and can therefore be seen as the definition of any culture. There has been considerable theoretical debate by anthropologists over the most useful attributes that a technical concept of culture should stress. For example, in 1952 Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, American anthropologists, published a list of 160 differ ent definitions of culture. A brief table of this list next page, shows the diversity of the anthropological concept of culture. TABLE: Diverse Definitions of Culture: Topical: Culture consists of everything on a list of topics, or categories, such as social organization, religion, or economy Historical: Culture is social heritage, or tradition, that is passed on to future generations Behavioral: Culture is shared, learned human behavior, a way of life Normative: Culture is ideals, values, or rules for living Functional: Culture is the way humans solve problems of adapting to the environment or living together Mental: Culture is a complex of ideas, or learned habits, that inhibit impulses and distinguish people from animals Structural: Culture consists of patterned and interrelated ideas, symbols, or behaviors Symbolic: Culture is based on arbitrarily assigned meanings that are shared by a society. (John H. Bodley, An Anthropological Perspective 1994) We tend not to be aware of our cultural meaning expressed through our cultural norms, we tend to accept as correct our cultural definitions unless confronted by cultural difference, as Anthony P. Cohen is quoted in Small Places, Big Issues, People become aware of their culture when they stand at its boundaries: when they encounter other cultures, or when they become aware of other ways of doing things, or merely contradictions to their own culture. Without ethnographic difference culture itself would not exist. Difference allows the expression of social identity, yet different social groups must also possess a degree of commonality to enable them to interact. The differences and resemblances between cultures offer an opportunity for assessment of the characteristics which bound a particular society, and the meanings of those characteristics can be learned through the context of the particular society or culture. Social anthropologists must assess cultures in context to truly understand them. The context of any cu lture or society under examination needs to be appreciated so that the particular distinctions of that culture can be properly understood and translated into terms facilitating ethnographic and ethnological study. Context must be learned by the anthropologist, generally through prolonged fieldwork to climatise them to the alien environment and give an opportunity to learn the language, norms and values of the subject society. An ethnological study will require understanding of at least two cultures through ethnographic study, thus boiled down to their pure cultural meanings by study in context, the meanings are exposed for comparison. Comparison of cultural differences is essential for cultural expression, comparison is also essential to the anthropologist as it offers opportunity for study and understanding. By comparison we judge and measure almost everything in our lives, we require comparison to accurately gain perspective. Therefore the social anthropologist requires an underst anding of at least two cultures, perhaps another and his own to compare aspects of these societies while looking for interesting areas for comparison. Social anthropologists strive to account for actual cultural variation in the world and to develop a hypothetical perspective on culture and society. The only hope of achieving these goals is through comparison. For instance, The Traveller Gypsies by J. Okely (1986) is a study of traveller society which discusses many of the idiosyncrasies of that culture by applying context and therefore reasons that the anthropologist exposes genuine differences between the gypsy and the settled communities. Differences which when compared in context are enticing and Informative, not only in regard to the traveller culture but by reflection on the settled community. The gypsy attitude to hygiene and cleanliness for example has been a source of friction between them and settled communities, yet when looked at in context of their beliefs, that is, the distinctions they make between the outer and inner self and their definitions of dirt or poluti are simply different from the values and practices of the settled community. When looked at in context and by comparison the actions of the travellers seem much more rational and in many ways their standards of hygiene are much higher than those generally found in the settled community. Thus comparison provides information, puts that information in perspective and allows assessment and re-assessment of both cultures under comparison. This demonstrates the essential nature of culture, context and comparison to the social anthropologist when assessing humanity. They are the essential tools of the trade which allow them to strip society, analyse and assess its parts to construct a balanced holistic picture of society. Cultural differences cause conflict and division continuously all over the world. To deal with this and to enact the required proper changes necessary to remove the conflict, an accurate assessment and understanding of culture is required. Appropriate social change should only come from adequate social assessment and understanding, This is one of the benefits offered by the social anthropological perspective through its holistic approach. BibliographyT.H. ERIKSEN SMALL PLACES/LARGE ISSUES LONDON 1996 PLUTO PRESS J.P. SPENDLEY THE ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEW NEW YORK 1979 HOLT, REINHART AND WINSTON J. OKELY THE TRAVELLER GYPSIES CAMBRIDGE 1986 UNIVERSITY PRESS J. FRIEL ; J.E. PFEIFFER ANTHROPOLGY, THE STUDY OF PEOPLE NEW YORK 1997 HARPER ; ROW IMAGES SUPPLIED INTERNET (W.W.W.) 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